What’s on the MCAT?

  • Reviewed By: Liz Flagge
  • The MCAT is a nearly 7.5-hour exam; so, it should come as no surprise that there is much content to cover. This exam is designed to test you on the abilities that will make you a successful first-year medical student. So, it’s not just about the in-depth knowledge of science.

    Your pre-med courses may cover many of these topics, but it’s going to take more than just an introductory course to prepare you for the MCAT.  You can learn how to master the material with help.

    Blueprint MCAT offers one-on-one MCAT tutoring with expert tutors as well as a Self-Paced Course and instructor-led Live Courses. Curious about what you already know or looking for where to start your MCAT prep? Take a diagnostic exam. Get a free one when you create a free Blueprint MCAT practice bundle

    To be successful on the MCAT, you will need to combine your skills with your knowledge. You will be tested on your problem-solving skills and critical thinking skills in addition to your content knowledge. More specifically, you will need to demonstrate the following:

    Knowledge of Scientific Concepts and Principles

    This is your content knowledge and knowledge of scientific principles. How well do you know what is being tested on the exam?

    Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving

    These are skills every doctor needs. Whether you’re working in research or working with patients, you will need to use these skills to succeed.

    Reasoning about the Design and Execution of Research

    Can you demonstrate that you understand how scientists work and think? This skill focuses on the components of scientific research, and how to identify what’s important and analyze the results.

    Data-Based and Statistical Reasoning

    Can you analyze research data, identify patterns, and draw conclusions based on what’s presented? If you want to be a successful doctor, this is a skill you will need to master.

    But, What Is on the MCAT?

    The MCAT has 4 timed sections of this exam, each with its own set of topics (and subtopics) to cover. The following is a full MCAT breakdown section-by-section.

    Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems

    This is a 95-minute long multiple-choice section that has a mix of passage-based and discrete questions. The questions in this section are focused mostly on the human body. There will be 59 questions (both discrete and passage-based) broken down as:

    • 25% Basic (or “first semester”) Biochemistry
    • 5% Introductory Biology
    • 30% General Chemistry
    • 15% Organic Chemistry
    • 25% Introductory Physics

    You should have a basic understanding of these topics from the required pre-med courses, but make sure that you have mastered these prior to test day.

    As mentioned above, there is more to this section than just content knowledge. As with all sections of the exam, you will also be tested on certain skills.

    For the Scientific Inquiry and Reasoning Skills, you will be tested on:

    • 35% Knowledge of Scientific Concepts and Principles
    • 45% Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving
    • 10% Reasoning about the Design and Execution of Research
    • 10% Data-Based and Statistical Reasoning

    There are also Foundational Concepts tested within each section. The percentile breakdown is:

    • 40% Foundational Concept 4
    • 60% Foundational Concept 5

    Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS)

    This section differs from the others. CARS is based more on your skills versus your content knowledge. In fact, there is no foundation of content knowledge you can rely on for this section of the exam.

    Instead, you will need to demonstrate your ability to interpret what you’ve read. Medical school and the career that follows require more than just knowledge of the body and the sciences. CARS will measure the other required skills. Get a full breakdown of the CARS sections and different CARS question types here.

    Every question in this 90-minute section is based around a passage. There will be 53 questions based on 9 passages with questions to answer after each one. This section focuses on skills, not knowledge. So, to prepare for this section, you need to practice not memorize. Timing is key here. 

    Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skill Breakdown:

    • 30% Comprehension
    • 30% Reasoning Within the Text
    • 40% Reasoning Beyond the Text

    Subject Breakdown:

    50% Humanities
    50% Social Sciences

    Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems

    This 95-minute section has a mix of passage-based and discrete questions. You will be tested on exactly what the title of this section suggests: Living systems.

    There will be 59 (both discrete and passage-based) questions in total, divided as:

    • 25% Basic (or “first semester”) Biochemistry
    • 65% Introductory Biology
    • 5% General Chemistry
    • 5% Organic Chemistry

    Most of these topics should be covered in your university courses. While you may have a basic understanding of this knowledge through the courses you’ve taken, you will want to have these topics mastered before test day. 

    The Scientific Inquiry and Reasoning Skills that will be tested here:

    • 35% Knowledge of Scientific Concepts and Principles
    • 45% Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving
    • 10% Reasoning about the Design and Execution of Research
    • 10% Data-Based and Statistical Reasoning

    There are also Foundational Concepts tested within each section. The percentile breakdown is:

    • 55% Foundational Concept 1
    • 20% Foundational Concept 2
    • 25% Foundational Concept 3

    Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior

    Like the other science sections, this section has a mix of passage-based and discrete questions. You will be tested on your understanding of how psychological factors and social/cultural factors can influence situations. While this knowledge may not help you diagnose, it can help doctors understand their patients.

    There will be 59 questions (both discrete and passage-based) in total broken down as:

    • 65% Introductory Psychology
    • 30% Introductory Sociology
    • 5% Introductory Biology

    As with the other science sections, you should have a basic understanding of these concepts from your pre-med courses. You will want to have these mastered for the MCAT. 

    The Scientific Inquiry and Reasoning Skills tested:

    • 35% Knowledge of Scientific Concepts and Principles
    • 45% Scientific Reasoning and Problem Solving
    • 10% Reasoning about the Design and Execution of Research
    • 10% Data-Based and Statistical Reasoning

    There are also Foundational Concepts tested within each section. The percentile breakdown is:

    • 25% Foundational Concept 6
    • 35% Foundational Concept 7
    • 20% Foundational Concept 8
    • 15% Foundational Concept 9
    • 5% Foundational Concept 10

    Master the Material

    With so much content to cover, it’s easy to fall behind or get overwhelmed. However, that’s where Blueprint MCAT experts come in. Whether you need the flexibility of a Self-Paced Course, the instruction of a Live Course, or the 1:1 attention of a private MCAT tutor, we have the MCAT prep option that works for your learning style!

    You can schedule a free consultation with an Enrollment Advisor to go over your MCAT goals and see which MCAT prep option fits your goals. 

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